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Titolo	Sudden death and associated factors in a historical cohort of chronic haemodialysis patients
Autore	Simonetta Genovesi1,2, Maria G. Valsecchi3, Emanuela Rossi3, Daniela Pogliani1, Irene Acquistapace1, Vincenzo De Cristofaro4, Andrea Stella1,2 and Antonio Vincenti5 - 1Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, 2Nephrology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, 3Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, Medical Statistic Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 4Nephrology Unit, Sondrio Hospital, Sondrio and 5Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
Referenza	Nephrol Dial Transplant (2009); doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp104
Contenuto	Background. In haemodialysis patients, deaths due to cardiovascular causes constitute a large proportion of total mortality and sudden cardiac deaths account for ∼22% of all deaths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of sudden cardiac death and associated risk factors in a cohort of haemodialysis patients. Methods and results. The 3-year cumulative incidence of death in a cohort of 476 patients on chronic haemodialysis treatment was 34.3% (SE 2.3). Sudden death had a 6.9% (SE 1.2) cumulative incidence, with 32 events representing 19.2% of all deaths, while cardiovascular not sudden death and noncardiovascular death accounted for a 3-year cumulative incidence of 7.3% (SE 1.2) and 20.1% (SE 1.9), respectively. According to Cox multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for sudden death were the presence of atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, predialytic hyperkalaemia, haemodialysis mode and C-reactive protein level, which were associated with a 2.9 (CI95% 1.3-6.4), 3.0 (CI95% 1.3-7.2), 2.7 (CI95% 1.3-5.8), 4.5 (CI95% 1.3-15.5) and 3.3 (CI95% 1.2-8.8)-fold increase in the risk of sudden death, respectively. Sudden death was significantly more frequent during the first 24 h of the first short interdialytic interval and during the last 24 h of the long interval, i.e. immediately before and immediately after the first weekly haemodialysis session (P = 0.02). Conclusions. Our data show that the incidence of sudden death in haemodialysis patients is high and that atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hyperkalaemia, haemodialysis mode and C-reactive protein play an important role in developing fatal arrhythmia. Further studies will be necessary to define which interventions could be helpful in reducing this cause of mortality.
Data	23.03.2009

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