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Background/Aims: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common clinical presentation of dialysis-related amyloidosis. It was determined whether _ 2 -microglobulin ( _ 2M) and advanced glycation end products in serum are predictors of CTS in dialysis patients.

Methods: A total of 385 hemodialysis patients were screened for CTS. _ 2M in serum was determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay, CML by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and total pentosidine by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results: 127 patients (33%) were treated with biocompatible membranes, 174 (45%) with high-flux dialysis. 122 patients (31.7%) had clinical signs of CTS. Significant predictors of CTS were: age, female gender, serum _ 2M, total protein, dialysis with non-biocompatible high-flux dialysis compared to non-biocompatible low-flux dialysis, Kt/V and serum concentration of CML (OR 2.47 for the 3rd vs. 1st quartile, 95% CI 1.229–4.961, p = 0.011).

Conclusion: The prevalence of CTS as a possible manifestation of dialysis-related amyloidosis is still high. Serum concentration of CML may be a predictor of CTS besides _ 2M and malnutrition.